|
1994 - 2000 Allopathic Graduates |
Medical Students 1994-2000 |
% of Medical Students |
Odds Ratio |
High and Low Probabilities |
Range or Alternative Measurement |
Changes Anticipated |
|
Asian Indian |
8,136 |
6.5% |
10.7 |
17 – 24 |
Male to Female |
Increase |
|
Chinese |
4,882 |
3.9% |
4.05 |
46 – 63 |
Male to Female |
Increase |
|
All Asian Students |
20,340 |
16.2% |
3.83 |
48 – 66 |
Male to Female |
Increase |
|
Top Quintile Income |
75,329 |
60.0% |
3.0 |
17 – 67 |
Up to 65% |
Increase |
|
Vietnamese |
1,424 |
1.1% |
2.84 |
61 – 98 |
Male to Female |
Increase |
|
Parent Income over $100,000 (1997 – 2004) |
|
22.4 to 42% |
1.5 to 2.0 |
60 – 75 |
22.4 to 42%, may be up to 50% |
Increase 1 – 2% a year |
|
All Urban Born* |
109,228 |
87.0% |
1.13 |
166 - 194 |
Male to Female |
Increase |
|
US MD Grad Total |
125,549 |
100.0% |
1 |
180 |
With Expansion |
Increase |
|
2nd Quintile Income |
25,110 |
20.0% |
1 |
164 - 200 |
18 – 22% |
Stable |
|
White |
81,973 |
65.3% |
0.87 |
214 – 230 |
Declining Yearly |
Decrease |
|
All Foreign Born* |
17977 |
16.2% |
0.8 – 2 |
100 - 1000 |
Asian vs Other |
Increase |
|
Only Native American Any Native American |
871 |
0.70% |
0.70 0.47 |
250 for Urban Males to 800 or more for Rural Males |
Stable |
|
|
All Rural Born* |
16,321 |
13.0% |
0.57 |
302 – 433 |
Female to Male |
Decrease |
|
3rd Quintile Income |
15,066 |
12.0% |
0.60 |
343 - 403 |
Female to Male |
Decrease |
|
Black |
8,880 |
7.1% |
0.55 |
364 – 534 |
Female to Male |
Stable |
|
4th Quintile Income |
10,044 |
8.0% |
0.40 |
533 – 706 |
Female to Male |
Decrease |
|
All Hispanic |
5,975 |
4.8% |
0.38 |
737 – 876 |
Male to Female |
Stable |
|
Mexican American |
2,887 |
2.3% |
0.31 |
892 – 1060 |
Male to Female |
Stable |
|
Low Income Rural* |
3,690 |
2.9% |
0.30 |
572 – 823 |
Female to Male |
Decrease |
|
Bottom Quintile |
2,511 |
1 – 3% 2.0% |
0.2 |
1600 – 4000 2642 – 2751 |
1 – 3% Female to Male |
Decrease |
* Rural, urban, and low income county origins are proportions derived from birth data in the American Medical Association Masterfile for the same class years. All other data is from Association of American Medical Colleges Matriculant data.
Seven years of recent graduates of allopathic medical schools in the United States were compared to seven years of census data for those of medical school age to generate ratios of admissions. Odds ratios compared percentage of medical student to percentage of US population age 18 – 24 in each category. High and low probabilities compared the number in each category who were age 18 – 24 across the US population to the number in each category who were US MD Grads. About 1 in 20 Asian Indian, about 1 in 200 across the nation, and about 1 in 2700 bottom income quintile citizens or residents were US MD Grads. Graduates of osteopathic or international medical schools were not included in the calculations.
Those most likely to gain admission are those with the most urban origins, the highest income levels, the highest education levels, the youngest age, and the highest Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) scores. They have the highest parent income levels, the most parents who are professionals, and are more likely to be born in counties or cities with medical schools. They have the highest levels of education and social organization. They are most connected to major medical centers by geographic, family, or social proximity. Those with the greatest probability of admission are also increasing in admissions. Males retain a slight advantage in admission for those with privileged origins.
Those with the lowest probability of admission are the most distant from medical schools and major medical centers by geographic distance and social distance. Lower income males (rural, black, Native, lower income) have a lower probability of admission until levels fall so low that both male and female levels both are low (Hispanic, lowest quintile). Those with the highest probability of admission are also most likely to be found in major medical centers. They are the least likely to be found in rural areas, underserved locations, primary care, and family medicine. Replacement of distributional types by those least likely to leave the major medical centers most similar to their origins means lower levels of distribution, primary care, and family medicine.