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Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiology

Thomas R. Porter, M.D.

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ACADEMIC DEGREES:

Medical Degree, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 1980 - 1984

Post-Degree Training:
Intern/Residency, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA, 1984 B 1987
Chief Resident, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA, 1987 B 1988
Fellow, Cardiology, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA, 1988 - 1991

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Contact Name: Thomas R. Porter, M.D.
Phone Number: 402-559-7977
e-mail address: trporter@unmc.edu

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Therapeutic Applications of Microbubbles - Phase II,  NIH STTR Phase II (Small Business Technology Transfer Program), PI: Thomas R. Porter, MD, Applicant Organization: AVI Biopharma, Corvallis, OR, 9/30/00 - 8/31/02, $753,891.

The CADET Trial: Contrast Assisted Dobutamine Echo Trial: Detection of Coronary Stenoses with Intravenous Dobutamine Stress Contrast Echocardiography: Incremental Benefit of Myocardial Perfusion Over Wall Motion Analysis, Amersham Health Inc., 6/02 – 5/03, $93,667 (clinical grant), PI: Thomas R. Porter, MD

The CADET Trial: Contrast Assisted Dobutamine Echo Trial: Detection of Coronary Stenoses with Intravenous Dobutamine Stress Contrast Echocardiography: Incremental Benefit of Myocardial Perfusion Over Wall Motion Analysis,  Amersham Health Inc., 6/02 – 5/03, $307,725 (multi-center grant), PI: Thomas R. Porter, MD

Prevention of Ischemic Left Ventricular Dysfunction with Intravenous Perfluorocarbon Containing Microbubbles, Max Baer Fraternal Order of Eagles, 7/02 – 6/03, $5,000, PI: Thomas R. Porter, MD

Inhibition of Intracoronary Stent-induced Intimal Hyperplasia with Targeted Microbubbles Carrying the E2F Decoy Oligonucleotide, University of Nebraska Medical Center-Gene Therapy Program, 8/02 – 7/03, $15,000, PI: Thomas R. Porter, MD

Non-invasive Recanalization of Intracoronary Thrombi with Intravenous Microbubbles, ImaRx Therapeutics, Inc., 4/03 – 9/03, $81,300, PI: Thomas R. Porter, MD

An Open-Label, Randomized, Phase IV Trial to Determine the Accuracy of Definity-enhanced Echocardiography During Dipyridamole Stress to Localize Perfusion Abnormalities in Subjects with Suspected or Known Coronary Artery Disease, Bristol-Myers Squibb Medical Imaging, 5/03 – 10/03, $163,296, PI: Thomas R. Porter, MD

An Open-Label, Non-Randomized, Phase IV, Follow-up Trial to Compare Infusion Dosing Against Bolus Dosing for Use in Definity-Enhanced Rest and Dipyridamole Stress Echocardiography for the Detection and Localization of Perfusion Abnormalities (DMP 115-908), Bristol-Myers Squibb Medical Imaging, 7/03 – 12/03, $22,500, PI: Thomas R.Porter,MD

Treatment of Thrombosed Anteriovenous Shunts with Intravenous PCMB and Low Frequency Ultrasound in a Canine Model, ImaRx Therapeutics, Inc., 2/03 – 2/04, $64,704, PI: Thomas R. Porter, MD

Alterations in Blood Brain Barrier Permeability Following Intravenous Injections of Microbubbles During Transcranial Ultrasound, The Sanfilippo Syndrome Medical Research Foundation, 10/03 – 3/04, $19,840, PI: Thomas R Porter, MD

Detection of Coronary Artery Disease with a Continuous Infusion of Definity Ultrasound Contrast During Adenosine Stress Echocardiography, Fujisawa Healthcare Inc., 1/04 – 6/05, $127,036, PI: Thomas R. Porter, MD

An Open Label, Non-Randomized, Phase IV Trial to Compare Definity-Enhanced Rest and Dipyridamole Stress Echocardiography to Nuclear Perfusion Imaging for the Detection and Localization of Perfusion Abnormalities, Bristol-Myers Squibb Medical Imaging, 4/04 – 11/04, $131,544, PI: Thomas R. Porter, MD

A Phase 1b, Randomized, Single Blind Study Evaluating Resten-MP (AVI-4126 Bound to Perfluorocarbon Exposed Sonicated Dextrose Albumin) in Subjects with Focal De Novo Stenosis, AVI BioPharma Inc., 6/04 – 5/05, $541,946, PI: Thomas R. Porter, MD

Microbubble Potentiated Ultrasound as a New Method of Declotting Thrombosed Dialysis Grafts, ImaRx Therapeutics Inc., 5/04 – 4/05, $158,926, PI: Thomas R. Porter, MD

A Chronic Study of Non-invasive Recanalization of Intracoronary Thrombi with Ultrasound and Intravenous Microbubbles, ImaRx Therapeutics Inc., 5/04 – 4/05, $199,495, PI: Thomas R. Porter, MD

Blinded reader on Phase 3 AI-700 rest/stress imaging Studies for Acusphere, 8/04 – 9/05, $28,000, PI: Thomas R. Porter, MD

The Mechanism for Improved Ultrasound Contrast with Intermittent Imaging, American Heart Association, 7/1/97 B 6/30/99, $38,992, PI: Thomas R. Porter, MD

Therapeutic Application of Perfluorocarbon Microbubbles, NIH STTR Phase I (Small Business Technology Transfer Program, 7/1/98 B 6/30/99, $49,955.  PI: Patrick L. Iversen, Ph.D.; Co-PI: Thomas R. Porter, MD

An Open-Label Phase 2 Study to Compare Optison Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography (MCE) to Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) for the Detection of Ischemia in Patients Undergoing Exercise Stress, Molecular Biosystems Inc.; 11/98 B 10/99, $186,111, Thomas R. Porter, MD

Determining the Optimal Ultrasound Parameters for Microbubble-Mediated Gene Uptake in Human Coronary Arteries, American Heart Association Nebraska Grant-in-Aid, 7/1/99 B 6/30-01, $34,911, Thomas R. Porter, MD

An Open-Label, Non-randomized, Phase II, Single Center Trial to Evaluate the Ability of DMP 115-Enhanced Echocardiographic Evaluation of Wall Motion and Perfusion Abnormalities (at Rest and During Treadmill Exercise Stress) Using Accelerated Intermittent Harmonic Imaging Acquisition Techniques to Detect Coronary Artery Disease in Subjects with Suspected Disease, DuPont Pharmaceuticals Company, 8/99 B 2/00, $56,670, Thomas R. Porter, MD

Determining the Optimal Ultrasound Parameters for Microbubble-mediated Gene Uptake in Human Coronary Arteries, American Heart Association Nebraska Grant-in-Aid, 7/99 - 6/01, $69,911, Thomas R. Porter, MD

Therapeutic Applications of Microbubbles - Phase II,  NIH STTR Phase II (Small Business Technology Transfer Program), PI: Thomas R. Porter, MD, Applicant Organization: AVI Biopharma, Corvallis, OR, 9/30/00 - 8/31/02, $753,891.

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Culp WC, Porter TR, Culp Jr, WC, Vonk BN. Carbon Dioxide in the Aortic Arch: Swine Studies of Detection, Hemodynamics, Physiologic Implications, and Rescue Maneuvers. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2003;26:128-135.

 

Ronderos RE, Boskis M, Chung N, Corneli DB, Escudero EM, Ha JW, Charlante C, Rim S-J, Portis M, Fabris N, Camilletti J, Mele AA, Otero F, Porter TR. Correlation between Mycardial Perfusion Abnormalities Detected with Intermittent Imaging Using Intravenous Perfluorocarbon Microbubbles and Radioisotope Imaging during High-Dose Dipyridamole Stress Echo. Clin Cardiol 2002;25:103-111.

 

Culp W, Porter TR, McCowan TC, Roberson PK, James CA, Matchett WJ, Moursi M. Microbubble-augmented Ultrasound Declotting of Thrombosed Arteriovenous Dialysis Grafts in Dogs. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2003;14:343-347.

 

Porter TR, Xie F. Part II: Recent Advances in Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography, Clinical Experience in the Detection of Coronary Artery Disease with Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography. Echocardiography 2002;19:399-407.

 

Khankirawatana B, Khankirawatana S, Lof J, Porter T. Left Atrial Volume Determination by Three-Dimensional Echocardiography Reconstruction: Validation and Application of a Simplified Technique. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2002;15:1051-6.

 

Sonne C, Xie F, Lof J, Oberdorfer J, Phillips P, Everbach EC, Porter TR. Differences in Definity and Optison Microbubble Destruction Rates at a Similar Mechanical Index with Different Real Time Perfusion Systems. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2003;16:1178-85. 

 

Porter TR, McGrain A, Oehlke H, Xie F. Should the Dobutamine Stress Test Include Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography? Cardiac Ultrasound TODAY 2003;9(2):27-34.

 

Culp WC, Porter TR, Culp WC Jr, Vonk BN. Carbon Dioxide in the Aortic Arch: Coronary Effects and Implications in a Swine Study. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2003;26:128-135.

 

Porter TR, Oberdorfer J, Rafter P,  Lof J, Xie F. Microbubble Responses to the Similar Mechanical Index with Different Real Time Perfusion Imaging Techniques. US Med Biol 2003;29:1187-1192.

 

Porter TR, O’Leary E, Silver M, Oehlke H, Xie F. A Method of Detecting and Quantifying

Severity of Myocardial Perfusion Defects With Intravenous Ultrasound Contrast and Breath Holding During Stress Echocardiography. Echocardiography 2003;20:411-422.

 

Elhendy A, Windle J, Porter TR. Safety and Feasibility of Dobutamine Stress

Echocardiography in Patients with Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator. Am J Cardiol 2003;92:475-477.

 

Stambler BS, Ellenbogen KA, Zhang X, Porter TR, Xie F, Malik R, Small R, Burke M, Kaplan A, Nair L, Belz M, Fuenzalida C, Gold M, Love C, Sharma A, Silverman R, Sogade F, Van Natta B, Wilkoff BL. Right Ventricular Outflow Versus Apical Pacing In Pacemaker Patients With Congestive Heart Failure And atrial Fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 2003;14:1180-1186.

 

Kipshidze N, Porter TR, Dangas G, Yazdi H, Tio F, Xie F, Hellinga D, Fournadijev J, Wolfram R, Seabron R, Waksman R, Abizaid A, Roubin G, Iyer S, Leon MB, Iversen P, Moses JW. Systemic Targeted Delivery Of Antisense With Perflourobutane Gas Microbubble Carrier Reduced Neointimal Formation In The Procine Coronary Restonsis Model. Cardiovascular Radiation Medicine 2003;4:152-9.

 

Khankirawatana B, Khankirawatana S, Porter TR. How Should Left Atrial be Reported? Comparative Assessment with Use of Multiple Echocardiographic Methods. Am Heart J 2004;147:369-74.

 

Elhendy A, O’Leary E, Xie F, McGrain A, Porter TR. Comparative Accuracy of Real Time Myocardial Contrast Perfusion Imaging and Wall Motion Analysis During Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography for the Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;44 2185-2191.

 

Khankirawatana B, Khankirawatana S, Peterson B, Oehlke H, Porter TR.  Peak Atrial Systolic Mitral Annular Velocity by Dopple Tissue Reliably Predicts Left Atrial Systolic Function.  J Am Soc Echocardiogr.  2004;17:353-360.

 

Tsutsui J, Xie F, O’Leary EL, Elhendy A, Anderson JR, McGrain AC, Porter TR. Diagnostic Accuracy and Prognostic Value of Dobutamine Value of Stress Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography in Patients with Suspected Acute Coronary Syndromes. Echocardiography 2004; 44:2185-2191.

 

Unger EC, Porter TR, Culp William, Labell R, Matsunaga T, Zutshi R.  Therapeutic applications of lipid-coated microbubbles. J. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 2004;56: 1291-1314.

 

Tsutsui JM, Porter TR. Diagnostic Applications of Intravenous Microbubbles. Cardiac Ultrasound TODAY 2004;10:35-46.

Tsutsui JM, Xie F, Cano M, Chomas J, Phillips P, Radio SJ, Lof J, Porter TR.  Detection of retained microbubbles in carotid arteries with real-time low mechanical index imaging in the setting of endothelial dysfunction.  J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 44:1036-1046

 

Culp W C, Porter T R, Lowery J, Xie F, Roberson PK, Marky L.  Intracranial Clot Lysis with Intravenous Microbubbles and Transcranial Ultrasound in Swine.  Stroke 2004;35:2407-2411

 

Khankirawatana B, Khankirawatana S, Mahrous H, Porter TR.  Assessment of papillary muscle function using myocardial velocity gradient derived from tissue Doppler echocardiography.  Am J Cardiol 2004; 93: 45-49.       

 

Tsutsui JM, Grayburn PA, Xie F, Porter TR.  Drug and gene delivery and enhancement of thrombolysis using ultrasound and microbubbles.  Cardiol Clin 2004; 22:299-312.

 

Tsutsui JM, Xie F, McGrain AC, Mahrous H, Hankins J, O’Leary EL, Porter Thomas R.  Comparison of Low-Mechanical Index Pulse Sequence Schemes for Detecting Myocardial Perfusion Abnormalities During Vasodilator Stress Echocardiography.  American Journal of Cardiology 2005 (In Press)

 

Porter TR, Tsutsui JE, Elhendy A, Xie F, O’Leary E, McGrain A.  Safety and Feasibility of    Dobutamine Stress Myocardial Contrast Perfusion Imaging.  J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005 (In Press)

 

Porter T. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Utilization of Microbubbles. Chinese  Taipai Society of Ultrasound in Medicine 2004 (In Press).

 

Tsutsui JM, Xie F, Porter TR.  The use of microbubbles to target drug delivery.  Cardiovascular Ultrasound 2004; 2:23.

 

Tsutsui J, Xie F, O’Leary EL, Elhendy A, Anderson D, McGrain AC, Porter TR.  “Diagnostic Accuracy and Prognostic Value of Dobutamine Stress Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography in Patients with Suspected Acute Coronary Syndromes”.  Echocardiography. 2005(In Press).

 

Elhendy A, Ginete W, Shurmur S, Porter TR. Acute myocardial infarction after a negative dobutamine stress echocardiogram. Eur J Echocardiography. 2004;5:469-471.

 

Kipshidze NN, Porter TR, Dangas G, Yazdi H, Tio F, Xie F, Hellinga D, Wolfram R, Seabron R, Waksman R, Abizaid A, Roubin G, Iyer S, Colombo A, Leon MB, Moses, J. “Novel Site-Specific Systemic Delivery of Rapamycin with Perfluorobutane Gas Microbubble Carrier Reduced Neointimal Formation in a Porcine Coronary Restenosis Model”.Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2005 (In Press).

 

Tsutsui J, Elhendy A, Anderson JR, Xie F, McGrain AC, Porter TR.  “Prognostice Value of Dobutamine Stress Myocardial Contrast Perfusion Echocardiography”.  Submitted to Circulation January 26, 2005.

 

Xie, F, Tsutui JM, McGrain AC, DeMaria A, Cotter B, Becher H, LeBleu C, Labovitz A, Picard MH, Porter TR.  “Comparison of Dobutamine Stress Echo With and Without Real Time Perfusion Imaging in the Detection of Coronary Artery Disease”.  Submitted to American Journal of Cardiology January 2005.
 

Porter TR, Xie F, Knapp D, Iversen P, Marky LA, Tsutsui JM, Maiti S, Lof J, Radio SJ, Kipshidze N.  “Targeted Vascular Delivery of Antisense Molecules Using Intravenous Microbubbles” Submitted to Nature Biotechnology.  February 2005.

 

Kipshidze NN, Porter TR, Dangas G, Yazdi H, Tio F, Xie F, Hellinga D, Wolfram R, Seabron R, Waksman R, Abizaid A, Roubin G, Iyer S, Colombo A, Leon MB, Moses JW, Iversen P. Novel site-specific systemic delivery of Rapamycin with perfluorobutane gas microbubble carrier reduced neointimal formation in a porcine coronary restenosis model. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2005 64:389-394 [Epub ahead of print].

Porter, TR; Li, S; Kilzer, K; Deligonul, U.  The Effect of a Residual Stenosis by Quantitative Angiography on the Myocardial Contrast Defect Observed Following Coronary Reperfusion Using Intermittent Harmonic Ultrasound Imaging  and Intravenous Perfluorocarbon Ultrasound Contrast. Echocardiography 16:785-797, 1999.

Porter, TR; Li, S; Jiang, L; Grayburn, P; Deligonul, U.  Real Time Visualization of Myocardial Perfusion and Wall Thickening in Humans with Intravenous Ultrasound Contrast and Accelerated Intermittent Harmonic Imaging.  J Am Soc Echocardiogr 12:266-271, 1999.

Porter, T; Xie, F; Li, S; Kricsfeld, D; Deligonul, U. Effect of Transducer Standoff on the Detection, Spatial Extent, and Quantification of Myocardial Contrast Defects Caused by Coronary Stenoses. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 12:951-60, 1999.

Tiemann, K; Lohmeier, S; Kuntz, S; Koster, J; Pohl, C; Burns, P; Porter, T; Nanda, N; Luderitz, B; Becher, H. Real-Time Contrast Echo Assessment of Myocardial Perfusion at Low Emission Power- First Experimental and Clinical Results Using Power Pulse Inversion Imaging. Echocardiography 16:799-809, 1999.

Arruda, ALM; Ozorio, A; Mattos, E; de Andrade, JL; Porter, T; Mathias, W. Hypoperfusion of the  Left Ventricle in the Absence of Changes in Segmental Contractility as Observed through Echocardiography by Using Microbubbles During Dobutamine Infusion. Arq Bras Cardiol 72:722-26, 1999.

Mukherjee, D; Wong, J; Griffin, B; Ellis, SG; Porter, T; Sen, S; Thomas JD.  Ten Fold Augmentation of Myocardial Uptake of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor with Ultrasound after Systemic Administration. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000;35:1678-1686. 

Porter, TR. Clinical Experience in the Detection of Coronary Artery Disease with Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography. Echocardiography 2000 (invited).

Cwaig, J; Xie, F; O’Leary, E; Kricsfeld, D; Dittrich, H; Porter, TR. Detection of Angiographically Significant Coronary Artery Disease with Accelerated Intermittent Imaging after Intravenous Administration of Ultrasound Contrast Material. Am Heart J  139:675-683, 2000

Porter, TR. Improving the Evaluation of Left Ventricular Systolic Function with Intravenous Perfluorocarbon Ultrasound Contrast: Will Suboptimal Echocardiograms Become an Endangered Species? J Am Coll Cardiol February 35:491-2, 2000. 

Porter, TR. Role of Intravenous Ultrasound Contrast in Stress Echocardiography.  Echocardiography 17:92-9, 2000. 

Porter, T; Xie, F. Applications of Contrast Echocardiography to Ischemic Heart Disease. The Circulation Frontier 4:42-51, 2000.

Culp, WC, Porter, TR, Xie, F, Goertzen, TC, McCowan, TC, Vonk, BN, Baxter, BT. Microbubble Potentiated Ultrasound as a Method of Declotting Thrombosed Dialysis Grafts. Circulation 2000 (submitted).

Porter, TR, Xie, F, Silver, M, Kricsfeld, D, O=Leary, E. Real Time Perfusion Imaging with a Low Mechanical Index Pulse Inversion Doppler. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000 (submitted).

Porter, TR, Hiser, W, Kricsfeld, D, Deligonul, U, Xie, F, Iversen, P, Radio, S. Inhibition of Carotid Artery Neonintimal Formation with Intravenous Microbubbles. Ultrasound In Med and Biol 2000 (accepted, in press).

Shimoni, S, Zoghbi, WA, Xie, F, Kricsfeld, D, Iskander, S, Gober, L, Mikati, IA, Verani, MS, O=Leary, EL, Porter, TR. Real Time Assessment of Myocardial Perfusion and Wall Motion During Bicycle and Treadmill Exercise Echocardiography: Comparison with Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000 (accepted; in press).

Porter, TR, Everbach, C, Kricsfeld, D, Xie F. Myocardial Cavitational Activity During Continuous Infusion and Bolus Intravenous Injections of Perfluorocarbon Containing Microbubbles. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2000 (accepted; in press).

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  • PREVIOUS GRADUATE STUDENTS/POST-DOCTORAL FELLOWS (present location):

None

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The long term objective of this project is to utilize the multiple therapeutic properties of perfluorocarbon containing albumin coated microbubbles to non-invasively target synthetic gene therapy and recanalize thrombosed access grafts and coronary arteries.  The ability to intravenous perfluorocarbon containing albumin microbubbles to bind and deliver antisense oligonucleotides to the c-myc protoncogene into the endothelium following intracoronary stent deployment will be quantified, and then tested in humans to determine whether it significantly reduces restenosis.  Secondly, the ability of these intravenous microbubbles to microfragment arterial thrombi in the presence of low frequency ultrasound will be prospectively evaluated to determine whether it can replace current pharmacologic and surgical techniques in recanalizing thrombosed renal dialysis grafts.  The ability of perfluorocarbon containing microbubbles to both recanalize acute coronary thromboses and diffuse oxygen from the lungs to ischemic tissue will be combined to determine how these properties can improve the clinical outcome of patients with acute coronary syndromes.  Finally, the ability of perfluorocarbon containing microbubbles to induce atrial and ventricular paced rhythms in the presence of low frequency ultrasound will be assessed in patients undergoing electrophysiologic testing.  These multi-faceted investigations will provide the framework for the use of microbubbles as an alternative or supplement to current cardiovascular therapies.

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Eppley Science Hall, Cine-Fluoroscopy Ultrasound machines

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