UNMC College of Dentistry - Departments & Centers

Ms. Caren M. Barnes

Title: Professor

Address
Room: 135J
UNMC College of Dentistry
40th and Holdrege
Box 830740
Lincoln, NE 68583-0740

Dental Hygiene Department

Telephone: (402) 472-5168
Fax: (402) 472-6668
email: cbarnes@unmc.edu

Education:

B.S. Texas Woman's University, Denton, Texas, Dental Hygiene/Biology
M.S. University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Dentistry, Dental Hygiene Education

Teaching Responsibilities:

Director OB319 Histology
Director SS405 Research Methodologies

Research Interests:

Phase I, II and II Randomized Clinical Trials
Clinical trials with dental products, devices, pharmaceuticals
Effects of dental products/devices
Airpolishing
Power toothbrushing
Remineralization
Smokeless Tobacco
Bisphosphonates
Polishing, Abrasives, Dental Materials
Protocol Development for Clinical Trials

Recent Publications:

Weaks, M.D., Lescher, N., Barnes, C.M., Holroyd, S.V.: "Clinical evaluation of the Prophy-Jet as an Instrument for Routine Removal of Tooth Stain and Plaque." J. Periodontol. 55:486-488, 1984.
Barnes, C.M,. Nelson, K.W., Conover, G.H.: "Evaluation of a Tumor of the Floor of the Mouth." Dental Hygiene 59:504-506, 1985.
Barnes, C.M., Hayes, E.F., Leinfelder, K.F.: "Effects of an Airabrasive Polishing System Upon Dental Restorative Materials." J. Gen. Dent. 35:186-189, 1987.
Barnes, C.M., Russell, C.M., Gerbo, L.R., Wells, B., Barnes, D.W.: "Effects of an Air-Powder Polishing System on Orthodontically Bracketed and Banded Teeth." Am. J. Ortho 97:74-81, 1990.
Barnes, C.M., Fleming, L.S., Mueninghoff, L.A.: "An SEM Evaluation of the In-Vitro Effects of Airpolishing on Various Implant Surfaces." Int. J. Oral Max Implants.; 6(4): 463-469, 1991.
Barnes, C.M., Fleming, L.S.: "An In Vitro Evaluation of Commercially Available Disposable Prophylaxis Angles," J Dent H.yg ;65(9) 438-441, 1991.
Barnes, C.M., "The Management of Aerosols with Airpolishing Delivery Systems," J Dent Hyg.; 65(6): 280-283, 1991.
Fleming, L.S., Barnes, C.M., Russell, C.M., "An In Vivo Evaluation of Commercially Available Disposable Prophylaxis Angles," J Dent Hyg; 65(9): 441-445, 1991.
Gerbo L.R,. Barnes C.M., Leinfelder K.F.: "Use of the air-powder polisher prior to bracket placement in clinical orthodontics." Am J Orthodo Dentofac Orthop, 103(1):71-74, 1993.
Barnes, C.M., Fleming L.S., Russell, C.M. "An Evaluation of the Performance Characteristics of Selected Disposable Prophylaxis Angles," J Prac Hyg, 2(2): 18-23, 1993.
Barnes, C.M, Anderson N.A., Li Y.H., Caufield P.W.: "Effectiveness of traditional steam sterilization in killing spores Bacillus stearothermophilus inoculated within dental prophylaxis angles," Gen Dent , 42(5): 456-458, 1994.
Barnes, C.M., Weatherford T.W., Menaker, L.: "A comparison of the Braun D5 Electric and a manual toothbrush in affecting gingivitis," J Clin Dent, 4(2):48-51, 1993.
Gerbo L.R., Lacefield W.R., Barnes C.M., Russell C.M.: "Enamel roughness after air-powder polishing," Am J Dent , 6(2): 96-98, 1993.
Barnes C.M., Anderson N.A., Michalek S.M., Russell C.M.: "Effectiveness of sealed dental prophylaxis angles inoculated with Bacillus stearothermophilus in preventing leakage," J Clinc Dent 5(2): 35-37, 1994.
Anderson N.A., Barnes, C.M., Russell, C.M., Winchester, K.R.: "A clinical comparison of the efficacy of an electromechanical flossing device or manual flossing in affecting interproximal gingival bleeding and plaque accumulation." J Clinic Dent 6(1): 105-108, 1995.
Barnes, C.M., "Electric toothbrushes-evidence warrants wider recommendations." Access, May-June 56-59, 1998.
Barnes, C.M. Russell C.M., Weatherford T.W. III, "A comparison of the efficacy of a Rowenta MH00 powered toothbrush and a the Braun Plak Control Ultra powered toothbrush in affecting plaque accumulation, gingivitis and gingival bleeding." J Periodontol 70 (8): 840-847, 1999.
Barnes, C.M., "An Evidenced-Based Review of Sodium Bicarbonate as a Dentifrice Agent," Compendium, 6(3): 3-11, 1999.
Barnes, C.M., "Powered Toothbrushes: A Focus on the Evidence," Compendium, 7(2): 3-10, 2000.
BOOKS
Armstrong, T.H., Crow, C.M. (Eds.). 1979. "Dental Hygiene Examination Review." Arco Publishing Co. New York.
Armstrong, T.H., Barnes, C.M. (Eds.). 1983 "Dental Hygiene Examination Review." 2nd ed., Arco Publishing Co. New York.
Barnes, C.M. 1987. "Review for the Dental Hygiene Examination." 3rd ed., Appleton-Lange. Norwalk, Connecticut.
Barnes, C.M., Waring M.B. (Eds.). 1994 "Appleton & Lange’s Dental Hygiene Review" 4th ed., Appleton & Lange Publishing Inc., Norwalk, Connecticut.
CHAPTERS IN BOOKS
Armstrong, T.H., Crow, C.M. 1979. "Clinical Dental Hygiene; Dental Hygiene Examination Review." Arco Publishing Co. New York. pp. 121-147.
Armstrong, T.H., Crow, C.M. 1979. "Dental Health Education." Dental Hygiene Examination Review. Arco Publishing Co. New York. pp.148-160.
Armstrong, T.H., Crow, C.M. 1979. "Oral Histology and Embryology." Dental Hygiene Examination Review. Arco Publishing Co. New York. pp. 209-224.
Armstrong, T.H., Crow, C.M. 1979. "General Pathology." Dental Hygiene Examination Review. Arco Publishing Co. New York. pp. 257-276.
Armstrong, T.H., Crow, C.M. 1979. "Oral Pathology." Dental Hygiene Examination Review. Arco Publishing Co. New York. pp. 2-293.
Armstrong, T.H., Barnes, C.M. 1981. "Clinical Dental Hygiene." Dental Hygiene Examination Review. 2nd ed. Arco Publishing Co. New York. pp. 125-151.
Armstrong, T.H., Barnes, C.M. 1981. "Dental Health Education." Dental Hygiene Examination Review. 2nd ed. Arco Publishing Co. New York. pp. 152-164.
Armstrong, T.H., Barnes, C.M. 1981. "Oral Histology and Embryology." Dental Hygiene Examination Review. 2nd ed. Arco Publishing Co. New York. pp. 196-211.
Armstrong, T.H., Barnes, C.M. 1981. "General Pathology." Dental Hygiene Examination Review. 2nd ed. Arco Publishing Co.. New York. pp. 246-265.
Armstrong, T.H., Barnes, C.M. 1981. "Oral Pathology." Dental Hygiene Examination Review. 2nd ed. Arco Publishing Co. New York. pp. 266-282.
Barnes, C.M. 1987. "Anatomy and Physiology." Review For The Dental Hygiene Examination. 3rd ed. Appleton-Lange. Norwalk. pp. 1-24.
Barnes, C.M. 1987. "Head and Neck Anatomy." Review For The Dental Hygiene Examination. 3rd ed. Appleton-Lange. Norwalk. pp. 25-62.
Barnes, C.M. 1987. "Clinical Dental Hygiene." Review For The Dental Hygiene Examination. 3rd ed. Appleton-Lange. Norwalk. pp.9-116.
Barnes, C.M. 1987. "Oral Histology and Embryology." Review For The Dental Hygiene Examination. 3rd ed. Appleton-Lange. Norwalk. pp. 15.
Barnes, C.M. 1987. "General Pathology." Review For The Dental Hygiene Examination. 3rd ed. Appleton-Lange. Norwalk. pp. 201-215.
Barnes, C.M. 1987. "Oral Pathology." Review For The Dental Hygiene Examination. 3rd ed. Appleton-Lange. Norwalk. pp. 21-233.
Barnes, C.M., Waring M.B. 1994, "General and Oral Histology and Embryology," Appleton & Lange’s Review of Dental Hygiene, 4th Ed., Appleton & Lange, Inc., Norwalk.
Wilkins, E.M. 1998, "Ultrasonic Scaling" (chapter by Barnes, C.M. and Waring, M.B.), Clinical Practice of the Dental Hygienist, 8th Ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA. : 1999.
Barnes C.M., Sensat, M. General and Oral Histology Chapter, Prentice Hall's Health Review of Dental Hygiene, 5th ed., Prentice Hall, Saddle River, NJ, 2002.
Wilkins EM: 2004, Polishing Chapter (by Barnes CM ) Clinical Practice of the Dental Hygienist, 9th Ed., Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA. : 2004.
Wilkins EM: , Polishing Chapter (42) by Barnes, CM Clinical Practice of the Dental Hygienist, 10th Ed., Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA. : In Press for 2008.
Daniels S, Wilder R. Chapter 23 Dentifrices by Barnes CM. Mosby’s Dental Hygiene Cases, Concepts and Competencies, Mosby, St. Louis, MO, In Press for 2007.
Daniels S, Wilder R. Chapter 24 Devices for Oral Self-Care by Barnes CM. Mosby’s Dental Hygiene Cases, Concepts and Competencies, Mosby, St. Louis, MO, In Press for 2007.
Daniels S, Wilder R. Chapter 23 Polishing by Barnes CM. Mosby’s Dental Hygiene Cases, Concepts and Competencies, Mosby, St. Louis, MO, In Press for 2007.

Research & Grants:

October, 1979 Dentsply/Cavitron, Inc.A Scanning Electron Microscopic Evaluation of anAirabrasive SystemPrincipal investigator: C.M. Barnes
January, 1981 Dentsply/Cavitron, Inc.A Clinical Evaluation of the Prophy-JetPrincipal investigator: C.M. Barnes
August, 1985 Nonuniformity of Preclinical Dental Hygiene InstructionPrincipal investigator: C.M. Barnes
August, 1985 Biomedical Research Grant to the University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of DentistryAn In-Vitro Study of the Effects of an AirabrasiveTooth Polishing System Upon DentalRestorative MaterialsPrincipal investigator: C.M. Barnes
July, 1986 Dentsply/Cavitron, Inc.Audio Visual GrantUse of the CavijetPrincipal Investigator: C.M. Barnes
January, 1987 Young Dental Mfg. Co.A Comparison of Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Scaling and Hand Instrumentation: An In-Vitro Study By Combined Use of Microroughness Measurements and ScanningElectron MicroscopyPrincipal Investigator: C.M. Barnes
1987-1988 Mother Infant Transmission StudyNational Institute of HealthPrincipal Investigator: Dr. Page Caufield
April, 1987 A Clinical Comparison of Piezoelectric andMagnetostrictive Ultrasonic ScalersFunded by Young Dental Mfg. Co. Principal investigator: C.M. Bar
May, 1987 Audiovisual GrantUse of the Ultra ScalerFunded by Young Dental Mfg. Co.Principal Investigator: C.M. Barnes
1988-1989 A Clinical Study to Compare the Efficacy of FourCommercially Available Toothbrushes Principal Investigator: Dr. Lewis MenakerFunded by Oral B
June 1988 Dentsply/Cavitron, Inc.The Effects of an Air-Powder Polishing Systemon Orthodontically Banded and Bracketed Teeth Principal investigator: C.M. Barnes
March, 1989 Dentsply Equipment DivisionAudiovisual Grant Use of the Cavi-MedPrincipal investigator: C.M. Barnes
April, 1989 An SEM Evaluation of the In-Vitro Effect of Airpolishingon Various Implant SurfacesFunded by Young Dental Mfg. Co.Principal investigator: C.M. Barnes
1990 A Clinical Study to Compare the PlaqueRemoval/GingivitisReduction Efficacy of Six ToothbrushesAfter Three MonthsOf Normal UsagePrincipal Investigator: Dr. Lewis MenakerFunded by Oral B
March, 1990 Dentsply/ Equipment DivisionAn In-Vitro Evaluation of the Effects of the ProphyJet on Selected Implant SurfacesPrincipal Investigator: C.M. BarnesSurvey of Dental Hygiene Educators' SalariesCo-Investigator: Lisa S. Fleming
May, 1990 Comparative Evaluation of Five Commercially AvailableDisposable Prophylaxis AnglesFunded by Teledyne GetzPrincipal Investigator: C. M. Barnes
1990 Clinical Study to Compare the Antiplaque Effectiveness,the Antigingivitis Effectiveness and the GingivalAbrasiveness of the Oral B #P-35, Colgate-Plus, andBlend-A-Dent Hygienic Toothbrushes After Six Monthsof Normal UsageFunded by Oral B LaboratoriesPrincipal Investigator: Dr. Lewis Menaker
December, 1990 Dentsply/Equipment DivisionThe Management of Aerosols with Airpolishing Delivery SystemsAn Audiovisual Program GrantPrincipal Investigator: C. M. Barnes
1991 Effect of Frequent Daily use of Omnident Spray in ReducingDental Plaque Accumulation: A Double Blind, ParallelTreatment Design, Funded by White Hill OralTechnologies and Dunhall PharmaceuticalsPrincipal Investigator: Dr. Lewis Menaker
1991 Clinical Study to Compare the Antiplaque Effectiveness,Antigingivitis Effectiveness and Gingival Abrasiveness ofFour Experimental Toothbrushes after three months of normaluse, Funded by Oral B LaboratoriesPrincipal Investigator: Dr. Lewis Menaker
1991 Comparison of the Antiplaque and Antigingivitis Effectivenessof the Braun Electric Toothbrush and a Manual ToothbrushAfter Three Months of Normal Usage, Funded by BraunPrincipal Investigator: Dr. Lewis Menaker
May, 1991 Audiovisual Program GrantThe Use of a Prophylaxis Angle and Rubber Cup in DentalHygiene Treatment ProceduresFunded by Young Dental Mfg. Co.Principal Investigator: C. M. Barnes
May, 1991 Clinical Study to Compare the Antiplaque Effectiveness/Antigingivitis Effectiveness and Gingival Abrasivenessof Four Experimental Toothbrushes After Three Monthsof Normal Use (III)Funded Oral BPrincipal Investigator: Dr. Lewis Menaker
April, 1992 Effectiveness of Traditional Steam Sterilization in KillingSpores Bacillus Stearothermophilus Innoculated WithinDental Prophylaxis AnglesFunded by: Young Dental Mfg. Co.Principal Investigator: C.M. Barnes
May, 1992 Effectiveness of Sealed Dental Prophylaxis Angles InoculatedWith Bacillus Stearothermophilus in Preventing Leakageof BioburdenFunded by: Young Dental Mfg. Co.Principal Investigator: C. M. Barnes
January, 1993 Effect of Frequent Daily Use of Microdent-Containing, Sorbitol Based("Sugar-Free"), "Breathmints" In Reducing Dental Plaque Accumulation Funded by: Whitehall PharmaceuticalsPrincipal Investigator: C.M. Barnes
February, 1993 One-Time Use Cross-Over Clinical Study to Compare the Cleaningor Plaque Removal Effectiveness of Two Commercial ToothbrushesFunded by: Oral B LaboratoriesPrincipal Investigator: Dr. Lewis Menaker
March, 1993 Pilot Study of Microdent Containing Chewing Gum on Dental PlaqueAccumulation: A Double Blind, Parallel Treatment DesignFunded by: Whitehall PharmaceuticalsPrincipal Investigator: Dr. Lewis Menaker
April, 1993 A Comparative Evaluation of Three Marketed Toothbrushes In Controlling Plaque Accumulation and Gingivitis Severity Following Twelve WeeksUsageFunded by: Proctor & GamblePrincipal Investigator: Dr. Lewis Menaker
April, 1993 An In-Vitro Evaluation of the Effects of Selected ProphylaxisAbrasive Agents On Titanium Dental Implant AbutmentsFunded by: Young Dental Mfg. Co.Principal Investigator: C.M. Barnes
February, 1994 Passive Immunization Against Streptococcus mutans MediatedDental Plaque Formation in HumansFunded by: Dominic J. Biondi Associates, Inc. andChurch and Dwight Co., Inc.Principal Investigator: Dr. Suzanne M. Michalek
March, 1994 A Clinical Comparison of the Efficacy of an Electromechanical Flossing Device or Manual Flossing in Affecting Interproximal Gingival Bleeding and Plaque Accumulation Funded by: Skyvision, Inc.Principal Investigator: C.M. Barnes
October, 1994 A Comparison of the SenSonic Plaque Removal InstrumentTM and A Manual Toothbrush in Affecting Gingivitis and Plaque AccumulationFunded by: Teledyne Water PikPrincipal Investigator: C.M. Barnes
November , 1994 An Evaluation of the DenscoTM Disposable Prophylaxis AngleFunded by: Teledyne Water PikPrincipal Investigator: C.M. Barnes
October , 1996 The Immunogenicity and Safety of Liposome PreparationContaining 250 ug S. mutans GTF (batch {11/92}, Group ACompared to GTF Alone Control (Group B) When GivenIntranasally to HumansFunded by: National Institute of HealthPrincipal Investigator: Noel Childers
January, 1997 An Evaluation of IPE Mouthrinse to Affect Plaque Preventionand Plaque ReductionFunded by: Teledyne Water PikPrincipal Investigator: C. M. Barnes
February, 1998 A Comparison of the Efficacy of a Rowenta Powered Toothbrush (MH 700) and the Oral B Braun Powered Toothbrush in Affecting Plaque Accumulation and Gingival BleedingPrincipal Investigator: C.M. Barnes
February, 1998 A Clinical Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Plastic Prophylaxis Polishing Cup Compared to a Conventional Natural Latex Prophylaxis Polishing CupFunded by: Teledyne Water PikPrincipal Investigator: C. M. Barnes
March, 1998 A Comparison of the Efficacy of a Rowenta High Speed Powered Toothbrush, the Rowenta MH 700 Powered Toothbrush and a Manual Toothbrush in Affecting Plaque Accumulation and GingivitisFunded by: RowentaPrincipal Investigator: C.M. Barnes
September, 1998 A Comparison of the Safety and Efficacy of the Rowenta MH900 Powered toothbrush and a Manual toothbrush in Affecting Plaque Accumulation and GingivitisFunded by: RowentaPrincipal Investigator: C.M. Barnes
November, 1998 Long Term Open Label Multicenter Phase 3 Trial of the Safety and Efficacy of Minocycline Periodontal Therapeutic System:Adjunctive Use in Patients with Adult Periodontitis (OPI-104)Funded by: OraPharma, Inc.Principal Investigator: R.R. Reinhardt
October, 1999 A Study to Assess the Safety of Two Denture Adhesive CreamsFunded by: Procter & GambleCo -Principal Investigators: C. M. Barnes, Dr. Randall Toothaker
January, 2000 A Randomized, Investigator-Masked, Multicenter Study To Compare The Safety And Efficacy Of Nystatin Oral Suspension And Nystatin Frozen Oral Suspension ("Popsicle") In The Treatment Of Patients With Oral Candidiasis Funded by: Pan American Laboratories, Bradstreet Clinical Research Associates Co-Principal Investigators: C.M Barnes, Dr. Gordon Mahanna
May 2001 A Phase III, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study To Assess The Efficacy And Safety Of Cevemeline In The Treatment Of Xerostomia Secondary To Radiation Therapy For Cancer In The Head And Neck Region Funded by: Daiichi Pharmaceutical CorporationCo-Principal Investigators: C.M Barnes, Dr. Gordon Mahanna
July 2001 An Examination of the Effect of the Sonicare™ Powered Toothbrush on Salivary Flow on Patients With Xerostomia Secondary to Head and Neck Radiation Therapy: Case Reports for A Pilot Program Funded by: Phillips Oral HealthcarePrincipal Investigator: C.M. Barnes
March 2001 A Comparison of a Waterpik Double-Motor Powered Toothbrush and a Manual Toothbrush in Affecting Interproximal Bleeding Reduction and Plaque Accumulation Funded by: Waterpik Technologies Principal Investigator: C.M. Barnes
March 2001 The Effects of Aluminum Trihydroxide Airpolishing Power on Dental Restorative Materials and Enamel Funded by: Dentsply International Principal Investigator: C. M. Barnes
September 200 Nebraska Health Fund Establish a BS Degree Program by Distance Education $210,000 Co-Investigator
October 2003 An In Vitro Evaluation of the Efficacy of Various Oral Prophylaxis Polishing Rubber Cups: A Pilot Funded by: Young Dental Mfg.Principal Investigator: C.M. Barnes
March 2004 The Effects of Aluminum Trihydroxide Airpolishing Power on Dental Implant Surfaces Funded by: Dentsply International Principal Investigator: C. M. Barnes
October 2004 Efficacy of Oral Hygiene Regimens: Effect on Plaque Gingivitis, Bleeding, and Subgingival Microbial Parameters Funded by : Waterpik Technologies, Inc.Principal Investigator: C. M. Barnes
March 2005 The Effects of NUCare Root Conditioner On Gingival Healing: A Pilot Study Funded by: Sunstar Butler, Inc. Principal Investigator: C.M. Barnes
July 2006 Determination of Relation Between Actual Contact Force at Hand/Glove Interface and the Grasp Force For a Set of Standardized Pinch and Pencil Hold Tasks, NIH (submitted) Co-Investigator
April 2006 A Prospective, Randomized, Double Blind, Stratified, Placebo-Controlled, Multi-Center, 3-Arm Trial Of The Continued Efficacy And Safety Of Zometa (Every 4 Weeks Vs. Every 12 Weeks Vs. Placebo) In Patients With Documented Bone Metastases From Breast Cancer Nebraska Hematology Oncology Group, Service to Grant
March 2007A Qualitative Evaluationof the Abrasiveness of Selected Prophylaxis Pastes When Used on Enamel, A Hybrid Composite and Porcelain Using a Non Contact Profilometer and Glossmeter Funded by: Sunstar Americas Inc