If I list the author’s name in the text, I can copy word for word and quotation marks are not necessary.

All direct quotations require either quotation marks or block indentations.

Material on the web is not copyrighted, so it’s okay to use anything without quotation marks or attribution.

Under current U.S. copyright law, everything in a fixed format is immediately copyrighted by its author. Whenever you quote or borrow from someone else, you must cite the source and include quotation marks or block indentations.

Encyclopedias contain common or general knowledge so I can copy from them without attribution.

While it is true facts are not copyrighted and do not require attribution, quoting from an encyclopedia does require attribution and quotation marks. A good rule of thumb here is: When in doubt, reference the source.

I can copy directly from an original source provided I include a footnote at the end of the sentence or passage.

All direct quotations require either quotation marks or block indentations in addition to a citation to the original source.

I can just reword the author’s sentences for my paper.

Paraphrasing without attribution is considered plagiarism. It is always best to use your own words.

I listed the author’s name in the text so I don’t need to add a bibliography to my paper.

Anytime you present a statement from someone else’s work you need to provide a reference to the source material. Ideally, the source will be a reference to the primary literature (journal article or a book).