{"id":3012,"date":"2023-03-28T06:50:05","date_gmt":"2023-03-28T11:50:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/healthsecurity\/transmission\/?p=3012"},"modified":"2023-03-28T18:24:22","modified_gmt":"2023-03-28T23:24:22","slug":"what-is-marburg-what-you-need-to-know-about-the-killer-ebola-like-virus-spreading-in-parts-of-africa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/healthsecurity\/transmission\/2023\/03\/28\/what-is-marburg-what-you-need-to-know-about-the-killer-ebola-like-virus-spreading-in-parts-of-africa\/","title":{"rendered":"What Is Marburg? What You Need To Know About The Killer Ebola-Like Virus Spreading In Parts Of Africa"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Forbes<\/a> The World Health Organization has urged African health authorities to be vigilant to the spread of the deadly Marburg virus, following reports of a new outbreak in Tanzania and a slew of new cases in Equatorial Guinea, as experts in multiple countries scramble to contain the highly infectious Ebola-like disease for which there is no approved vaccine or treatment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Marburg is a highly infectious viral hemorrhagic fever in the same family as Ebola.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The virus is initially transmitted to people from fruit bats and spreads among humans through contact with the bodily fluids of infected people, according to the WHO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Illness begins suddenly and symptoms\u00a0include<\/a>\u00a0high fever, muscle pains, bleeding, severe headaches, diarrhea and vomiting blood.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Marburg causes serious illness and can be lethal, with fatality rates from past outbreaks varying from 24% to 88% depending on virus strain and quality of care provided.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There are no vaccines or treatments approved to treat the virus\u2014several are in early stages of development\u2014though supportive care like rehydration and the treatment of specific symptoms can improve outcomes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Experts recommend people avoid eating or handling bush meat\u2014or to thoroughly cook it before consumption\u2014and to avoid caves and mines that might be occupied by bats to minimize the risk of catching and spreading the virus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tanzania\u00a0announced<\/a>\u00a0its first-ever outbreak of Marburg virus disease in late March, reporting eight cases, including five deaths. The announcement comes a month after Equatorial Guinea confirmed its own outbreak of Marburg, a first for the West African nation. New\u00a0information<\/a>\u00a0released by the WHO in late March indicates the outbreak in Equatorial Guinea is significantly larger than previously thought and the distance between cases hints at a \u201cwider transmission of the virus.\u201d So far, nine cases have been confirmed with laboratory studies, including seven deaths, and there are 20 \u201cprobable cases.\u201d The WHO said it considers the risk of spread to be \u201cvery high\u201d at the national level for both countries but described the risk of global spread as \u201clow.\u201d The agency said the risk of international spread \u201ccannot be ruled out,\u201d however, noting frequent crossings through porous borders. The outbreak comes months after Ghana\u00a0reported<\/a>\u00a0its very first Marburg outbreak, which was only the second time the disease has been detected in West Africa, and after Cameroon\u00a0detected<\/a>\u00a0two suspected cases of the Ebola-like disease.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

KEY BACKGROUND<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Marburg is an extremely rare but serious disease. African fruit bats are the natural hosts of the virus\u2014they do not show<\/a> obvious signs of illness\u2014but it sometimes spills over into primates, including humans, with devastating effect. The cave-dwelling bat is found widely across Africa and many past outbreaks <\/a>have been traced<\/a> back to people working in mines where the bats live. The CDC says<\/a> further research is needed to determine whether other species also host the virus. The virus was first identified in 1967 after several simultaneous cases linked to infected laboratory monkeys in the German cities of Marburg and Frankfurt and the then capital of Yugoslavia, Belgrade. There have been a number of Marburg virus disease outbreaks since then, notably<\/a> in Angola during 2004-2005 and the Democratic Republic of Congo during 1998-2000, which killed hundreds of people. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention notes<\/a> that diagnosis of Marburg virus disease \u201ccan be difficult\u201d as many signs and symptoms are similar to other infectious diseases like malaria or typhoid fever or other hemorrhagic fevers like Lassa or Ebola.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

WHAT TO WATCH FOR<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Though there are no specific treatments or vaccines on the market for Marburg, a number are under development. The WHO has suggested<\/a> treatments and vaccines authorized for use in or undergoing tests for use in Ebola patients could also be used in Marburg patients given the similarities between the two diseases and dearth of options for Marburg. Researchers at the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases reported<\/a> promising results from an early-stage clinical trial for a Marburg vaccine in January and plans<\/a> to expand trials to Ghana, Kenya, Uganda and the U.S. Following an urgent meeting to outline and direct research priorities in light of the outbreak, the WHO said<\/a> it is coordinating efforts to establish a standard of care for Marburg patients as soon as possible and supporting research efforts into possible treatments and vaccines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

WHAT WE DON\u2019T KNOW<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

It\u2019s not clear whether the outbreaks of Marburg in Tanzania and Equatorial Guinea are linked. Dr. Ahmed Ogwell Ouma, the acting director of the African Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, told<\/a> the Telegraph<\/em> the agency plans to genetically sequence virus samples to see if they are related.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Forbes The World Health Organization has urged African health authorities to be vigilant to the spread of the deadly Marburg virus, following reports of a new outbreak in Tanzania and a slew of new cases in Equatorial Guinea, as experts in multiple countries scramble to contain the highly infectious Ebola-like disease for which there is […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":3013,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"The basics of Marburg @forbes #marburg #VHF","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[26,7,21,41],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3012","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-africa","category-emerging-infectious-diseases","category-featured","category-marburg-virus"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/healthsecurity\/transmission\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Screenshot-2023-03-28-at-07.49.38.png","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/healthsecurity\/transmission\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3012","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/healthsecurity\/transmission\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/healthsecurity\/transmission\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/healthsecurity\/transmission\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/healthsecurity\/transmission\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3012"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/healthsecurity\/transmission\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3012\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3014,"href":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/healthsecurity\/transmission\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3012\/revisions\/3014"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/healthsecurity\/transmission\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3013"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/healthsecurity\/transmission\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3012"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/healthsecurity\/transmission\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3012"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/healthsecurity\/transmission\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3012"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}