{"id":47177,"date":"1998-06-16T00:00:00","date_gmt":"1998-06-16T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/1998\/06\/16\/may-20-1997-four-year-follow-up-study-shows-21mg-nicotine-patch-effective-for-long-term-quitting\/"},"modified":"2022-08-29T11:00:35","modified_gmt":"2022-08-29T16:00:35","slug":"may-20-1997-four-year-follow-up-study-shows-21mg-nicotine-patch-effective-for-long-term-quitting","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/1998\/06\/16\/may-20-1997-four-year-follow-up-study-shows-21mg-nicotine-patch-effective-for-long-term-quitting\/","title":{"rendered":"MAY 20, 1997 — Four-year Follow-up Study Shows 21\nmg. Nicotine Patch Effective for Long-term Quitting"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/FONT><\/B><\/P><\/p>\n

Of all the products on the market to help people quit smoking, the nicotine
\npatch still is among the best ways for smokers, especially heavy smokers,
\nto quit. <\/P><\/p>\n

In 1991, one of the first major clinical trials for the nicotine patch
\nwas held at nine sites around the country. Dave Daughton, a smoking cessation
\nresearcher at the University of Nebraska Medical Center in Omaha, presented
\nfindings of a four-year follow-up study conducted on the effectiveness
\nof various doses of the patch. His findings were presented at the 1997
\nInternational Conference of the American Lung Association and American
\nThoracic Society in San Francisco. <\/P><\/p>\n

The follow-up study looked at the effectiveness of the patch in 724
\npatients, average age 43, at seven of the original nine study sites across
\nthe United States. Success rates, measured by permanent quitting, were
\nas follows: of 193 people on the 21 mg. patch, 20 percent remain non-smokers;
\nof 202 on the 14 mg., 10 percent remain non-smokers; and of the 127 people
\non 7 mg., 12 percent remain non-smokers. <\/P><\/p>\n

As part of the study, 202 people were given a placebo, and only seven
\npercent of these people were successful in quitting. Smokers also participated
\nin support groups, which contribute to successful quitting. <\/P><\/p>\n

"The 20 percent success rate of the 21 milligram users of the patch
\nmay not sound that great, but it’s excellent when you consider the chances
\na person will quit smoking this year by cold turkey is only 2.5 percent,"
\nDaughton said. "The nicotine patch proved to be beneficial as a long-term
\nsmoking cessation aid," Daughton said. <\/P><\/p>\n

The follow-up study found 48 percent of those who weren’t smoking four
\nyears after using the patch no longer crave cigarettes. Daughton said smokers
\nwho succeed in quitting for six weeks on placebo patches have roughly the
\nsame chance of quitting permanently as those on the nicotine patch. <\/P><\/p>\n

The role of nicotine patches is to boost early quitting which leads
\nto increased long-term abstinence. After six weeks, the urge to smoke diminishes
\nand many of the physical symptoms such as anxiety, lack of concentration,
\nirritability and restlessness, subside greatly. The patch makes quitting
\nsmoking more manageable because it provides sufficient levels of nicotine
\nwhich diminishes some of the nicotine withdrawal symptoms, Daughton said.
\n<\/P><\/p>\n

"The patch helps satisfy the body’s desire for nicotine while enabling
\nthe quitter time to work on psychological and behavioral aspects of smoking."
\n<\/P><\/p>\n

The study also found smokers under age 30 didn’t do as well in long-term
\nquitting smoking (four or more years) as those older than 30. Daughton
\nbelieves this is because younger smokers are more likely to be exposed
\nto more people who smoke, and they have less experience with attempting
\nto quit smoking. <\/P><\/p>\n

"Most people try to quit smoking three to four times before they
\nsucceed," Daughton said. The most unexpected information in the follow-up
\nstudy is weight gain. After four years of not smoking, participants gained
\nan average of 20 pounds. <\/P><\/p>\n

"This was a disturbing finding," Daughton said. "However,
\nit has to be looked at in the proper context. We don’t want to scare anyone
\nby saying they will gain 20 pounds if they quit smoking." <\/P><\/p>\n

In the long run, Daughton said weight people gain after quitting is
\nnot related to the method of quitting but is related to the number of cigarettes
\nsmoked and to other factors such as age, lifestyle and physical activity.
\n<\/P><\/p>\n

"Weight gain after quitting is often associated with the number
\nof cigarettes smoked," Daughton said. "The subjects in this study
\nsmoked on the average 30 or more cigarettes a day. Yet, even a few of them
\nlost weight. We know as we age, we tend to gain weight. Younger, more active,
\nlighter smokers won’t likely see that magnitude of weight change when they
\nquit smoking. My belief is that after a four-year period, what smokers
\nweigh after quitting is what they would have weighed had they never smoked."
\n<\/P><\/p>\n

Typically, smokers weigh less than non-smokers. However, smoking is
\na weight-reduction method with potentially deadly side effects, Daughton
\nsaid. Of the estimated 46 million Americans who smoke (about 25 percent
\nof adults), 70 percent who would like to quit. An estimated 35 percent
\nof American smokers tried to quit in 1996. <\/P><\/p>\n

In addition to the University of Nebraska Medical Center, other centers
\ninvolved in the study were: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Oregon
\nResearch Institute, Eugene, Ore.; Pacific Medical Research Services, Redwood
\nCity, Calif.; Pulmonary Drug Evaluation Program, Wheat Ridge, Colo.; Stanford
\nUniversity School of Medicine, Center for Research in Disease Prevention,
\nPalo Alto, Calif.; and West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown,
\nW.Va. <\/P><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Of all the products on the market to help people quit smoking, the nicotine patch still is among the best ways for smokers, especially heavy smokers, to quit. In 1991, one of the first major clinical trials for the nicotine patch was held at nine sites around the country. Dave Daughton, a smoking cessation researcher […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":79,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-47177","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","department-press-release"],"yoast_head":"\nMAY 20, 1997 -- Four-year Follow-up Study Shows 21 mg. Nicotine Patch Effective for Long-term Quitting<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Of all the products on the market to help people quit smoking, the nicotine patch still is among the best ways for smokers, especially heavy smokers, to\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/1998\/06\/16\/may-20-1997-four-year-follow-up-study-shows-21mg-nicotine-patch-effective-for-long-term-quitting\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"MAY 20, 1997 -- Four-year Follow-up Study Shows 21 mg. Nicotine Patch Effective for Long-term Quitting\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Of all the products on the market to help people quit smoking, the nicotine patch still is among the best ways for smokers, especially heavy smokers, to\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/1998\/06\/16\/may-20-1997-four-year-follow-up-study-shows-21mg-nicotine-patch-effective-for-long-term-quitting\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Newsroom\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/unmcedu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"1998-06-16T05:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-08-29T16:00:35+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"UNMC Today\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@unmc\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@unmc\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"UNMC Today\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/1998\/06\/16\/may-20-1997-four-year-follow-up-study-shows-21mg-nicotine-patch-effective-for-long-term-quitting\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/1998\/06\/16\/may-20-1997-four-year-follow-up-study-shows-21mg-nicotine-patch-effective-for-long-term-quitting\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"UNMC Today\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/#\/schema\/person\/b7a10902696c45a5370b361e3a9ce621\"},\"headline\":\"MAY 20, 1997 — Four-year Follow-up Study Shows 21 mg. Nicotine Patch Effective for Long-term Quitting\",\"datePublished\":\"1998-06-16T05:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-08-29T16:00:35+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/1998\/06\/16\/may-20-1997-four-year-follow-up-study-shows-21mg-nicotine-patch-effective-for-long-term-quitting\/\"},\"wordCount\":774,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/#organization\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/1998\/06\/16\/may-20-1997-four-year-follow-up-study-shows-21mg-nicotine-patch-effective-for-long-term-quitting\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/1998\/06\/16\/may-20-1997-four-year-follow-up-study-shows-21mg-nicotine-patch-effective-for-long-term-quitting\/\",\"name\":\"MAY 20, 1997 -- Four-year Follow-up Study Shows 21 mg. Nicotine Patch Effective for Long-term Quitting\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"1998-06-16T05:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-08-29T16:00:35+00:00\",\"description\":\"Of all the products on the market to help people quit smoking, the nicotine patch still is among the best ways for smokers, especially heavy smokers, to\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/1998\/06\/16\/may-20-1997-four-year-follow-up-study-shows-21mg-nicotine-patch-effective-for-long-term-quitting\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/1998\/06\/16\/may-20-1997-four-year-follow-up-study-shows-21mg-nicotine-patch-effective-for-long-term-quitting\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/1998\/06\/16\/may-20-1997-four-year-follow-up-study-shows-21mg-nicotine-patch-effective-for-long-term-quitting\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"MAY 20, 1997 — Four-year Follow-up Study Shows 21 mg. Nicotine Patch Effective for Long-term Quitting\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/\",\"name\":\"Newsroom\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/#organization\",\"name\":\"University of Nebraska Medical Center\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/overview-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/overview-1.png\",\"width\":500,\"height\":153,\"caption\":\"University of Nebraska Medical Center\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/unmcedu\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/unmc\",\"https:\/\/instagram.com\/iamunmc\",\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/UNMCEDU\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/#\/schema\/person\/b7a10902696c45a5370b361e3a9ce621\",\"name\":\"UNMC Today\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/strategic-communications\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/author\/d1fe173d08e959397adf34b1d77e88d7\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"MAY 20, 1997 -- Four-year Follow-up Study Shows 21 mg. Nicotine Patch Effective for Long-term Quitting","description":"Of all the products on the market to help people quit smoking, the nicotine patch still is among the best ways for smokers, especially heavy smokers, to","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/1998\/06\/16\/may-20-1997-four-year-follow-up-study-shows-21mg-nicotine-patch-effective-for-long-term-quitting\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"MAY 20, 1997 -- Four-year Follow-up Study Shows 21 mg. Nicotine Patch Effective for Long-term Quitting","og_description":"Of all the products on the market to help people quit smoking, the nicotine patch still is among the best ways for smokers, especially heavy smokers, to","og_url":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/1998\/06\/16\/may-20-1997-four-year-follow-up-study-shows-21mg-nicotine-patch-effective-for-long-term-quitting\/","og_site_name":"Newsroom","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/unmcedu","article_published_time":"1998-06-16T05:00:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2022-08-29T16:00:35+00:00","author":"UNMC Today","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@unmc","twitter_site":"@unmc","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"UNMC Today","Est. reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/1998\/06\/16\/may-20-1997-four-year-follow-up-study-shows-21mg-nicotine-patch-effective-for-long-term-quitting\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/1998\/06\/16\/may-20-1997-four-year-follow-up-study-shows-21mg-nicotine-patch-effective-for-long-term-quitting\/"},"author":{"name":"UNMC Today","@id":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/#\/schema\/person\/b7a10902696c45a5370b361e3a9ce621"},"headline":"MAY 20, 1997 — Four-year Follow-up Study Shows 21 mg. Nicotine Patch Effective for Long-term Quitting","datePublished":"1998-06-16T05:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2022-08-29T16:00:35+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/1998\/06\/16\/may-20-1997-four-year-follow-up-study-shows-21mg-nicotine-patch-effective-for-long-term-quitting\/"},"wordCount":774,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/#organization"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/1998\/06\/16\/may-20-1997-four-year-follow-up-study-shows-21mg-nicotine-patch-effective-for-long-term-quitting\/","url":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/1998\/06\/16\/may-20-1997-four-year-follow-up-study-shows-21mg-nicotine-patch-effective-for-long-term-quitting\/","name":"MAY 20, 1997 -- Four-year Follow-up Study Shows 21 mg. Nicotine Patch Effective for Long-term Quitting","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/#website"},"datePublished":"1998-06-16T05:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2022-08-29T16:00:35+00:00","description":"Of all the products on the market to help people quit smoking, the nicotine patch still is among the best ways for smokers, especially heavy smokers, to","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/1998\/06\/16\/may-20-1997-four-year-follow-up-study-shows-21mg-nicotine-patch-effective-for-long-term-quitting\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/1998\/06\/16\/may-20-1997-four-year-follow-up-study-shows-21mg-nicotine-patch-effective-for-long-term-quitting\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/1998\/06\/16\/may-20-1997-four-year-follow-up-study-shows-21mg-nicotine-patch-effective-for-long-term-quitting\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"MAY 20, 1997 — Four-year Follow-up Study Shows 21 mg. Nicotine Patch Effective for Long-term Quitting"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/","name":"Newsroom","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/#organization","name":"University of Nebraska Medical Center","url":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/overview-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/overview-1.png","width":500,"height":153,"caption":"University of Nebraska Medical Center"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/unmcedu","https:\/\/x.com\/unmc","https:\/\/instagram.com\/iamunmc","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/UNMCEDU"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/#\/schema\/person\/b7a10902696c45a5370b361e3a9ce621","name":"UNMC Today","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/strategic-communications"],"url":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/author\/d1fe173d08e959397adf34b1d77e88d7\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47177","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/79"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=47177"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47177\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":75110,"href":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47177\/revisions\/75110"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=47177"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=47177"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=47177"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}