{"id":47339,"date":"2000-08-07T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2000-08-07T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/2000\/08\/07\/vaccine-against-viral-heart-disease-being-developedby-unmc-researchers\/"},"modified":"2022-08-29T10:54:49","modified_gmt":"2022-08-29T15:54:49","slug":"vaccine-against-viral-heart-disease-being-developedby-unmc-researchers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/2000\/08\/07\/vaccine-against-viral-heart-disease-being-developedby-unmc-researchers\/","title":{"rendered":"Vaccine Against Viral Heart Disease Being Developed\n\nby UNMC Researchers"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/FONT><\/B><\/p>\n

University of Nebraska Medical Center scientists have developed a prototype<\/p>\n

model for a vaccine against myocarditis, an often deadly form of heart<\/p>\n

disease, by genetically altering one of the very viruses that cause the<\/p>\n

disease.<\/p>\n

Myocarditis is an acute inflammation of the heart muscle that can be<\/p>\n

caused by specific viruses. The most common viruses that cause myocarditis<\/p>\n

are the group B coxsackieviruses and human adenoviruses.<\/p>\n

Principal investigators Steven Tracy, Ph.D., professor, and Nora Chapman,<\/p>\n

Ph.D., associate professor, both of the Department of Pathology and Microbiology,<\/p>\n

used a group B coxsackievirus (CVB) and the human adenovirus type 2 to<\/p>\n

develop a new vaccine delivery system in a mouse model.<\/p>\n

CVB causes acute myocarditis, an inflammatory disease of the heart muscle,<\/p>\n

and dilated cardiomyopathy, in which the heart muscle becomes quite large.<\/p>\n

Every year worldwide, five to eight people per 100,000 suffer from dilated<\/p>\n

cardiomyopathy and about two people per 100,000 have myocarditis.<\/p>\n

The uncertainty of the number of cases of myocarditis stems from an<\/p>\n

inability to readily detect the disease. Dilated cardiomyopathy, however,<\/p>\n

is often associated with signs of a failing heart. Of these cases, about<\/p>\n

25 percent, or about 13,000 people in the U.S., are thought to be associated<\/p>\n

with CVB each year. Unfortunately, most of these cases remain undiagnosed.<\/p>\n

There are six different types, known as serotypes or species, of coxsackie<\/p>\n

B viruses and probably at least two types of adenoviruses that cause heart<\/p>\n

disease in humans, Dr. Tracy said.<\/p>\n

Coxsackieviruses are enteroviruses, common human viruses that usually<\/p>\n

do little harm. Infections with coxsackieviruses are common and most young<\/p>\n

adults have had at least one or two such infections.<\/p>\n

Adenovirus is another common human virus that is generally associated<\/p>\n

with upper respiratory symptoms in humans.<\/p>\n


Natural infection is the only way by which a person becomes immune,<\/p>\n

as there are no commercially-available vaccines available against these<\/p>\n

viruses.<\/p>\n

The researchers, who have been studying these viruses for 18 years,<\/p>\n

published the results of their study in the May issue of the Journal of<\/p>\n

Virology.<\/p>\n

CVB induces a vigorous immune response in the person who is infected.<\/p>\n

As both CVB and adenoviruses cause heart disease, it made sense to use<\/p>\n

one of the viruses as a vehicle to immunize against the other, said Dr.<\/p>\n

Chapman.<\/p>\n

Mice that were inoculated with this vaccine made protective antibodies<\/p>\n

against both CVB3 and adenovirus. Interestingly, the virus worked as a<\/p>\n

vaccine even in mice that had been previously vaccinated against the specific<\/p>\n

coxsackievirus.<\/p>\n

This is a key finding, Dr. Tracy said. Because coxsackieviruses are<\/p>\n

common virus infections in humans, many people already have antibodies<\/p>\n

against some of them. It was possible that in such people, CVB-based vaccines<\/p>\n

would have little effect. However, we found that vaccination of mice that<\/p>\n

were already immune to the virus actually had a better immune response<\/p>\n

to the model hybrid vaccine. This finding suggests that a single virus<\/p>\n

has the potential to be used effectively as a vaccine delivery system many<\/p>\n

times in one patient.<\/p>\n

Drs. Tracy and Chapman are now working to create a similar hybrid virus<\/p>\n

that induces protective immunity against all six group B coxsackievirues<\/p>\n

as well as against specific adenoviruses.<\/p>\n

Also in the May issue of the Journal of Virology, Drs. Tracy and Chapman<\/p>\n

published results describing how they have altered enteroviruses to provide<\/p>\n

a new approach to generating modified vaccine strains of virus. In addition,<\/p>\n

they also published results of a collaborative study with another UNMC<\/p>\n

researcher, Jose Romero, M.D., associate professor in Pediatrics\/Infectious<\/p>\n

Disease. This study showed, for the first time, the location of the genetic<\/p>\n

instructions for coxsackievirus RNA that can cause heart disease.<\/p>\n

Drs. Tracy and Chapman recently received a $300,000, two-year grant<\/p>\n

from the National Institutes of Health to explore this same hybrid vaccine<\/p>\n

technology against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus that<\/p>\n

causes AIDS.<\/p>\n

Dr. Tracy and his collaborators are members of the UNMC Enterovirus<\/p>\n

Research Laboratory that studies enterovirus heart disease. The UNMC Enterovirus<\/p>\n

Research Laboratory maintains an informational Web site called Coxsackieviruses<\/p>\n

and Viral Myocarditis [http:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/Pathology\/Myocarditis].<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

University of Nebraska Medical Center scientists have developed a prototype model for a vaccine against myocarditis, an often deadly form of heart disease, by genetically altering one of the very viruses that cause the disease. Myocarditis is an acute inflammation of the heart muscle that can be caused by specific viruses. The most common viruses […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":79,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-47339","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","department-press-release"],"yoast_head":"\nVaccine Against Viral Heart Disease Being Developed by UNMC Researchers<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"University of Nebraska Medical Center scientists have developed a prototype model for a vaccine 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