{"id":48627,"date":"2008-11-21T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2008-11-21T06:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/2008\/11\/21\/study-compares-top-treatments-for-rheumatoid-arthritis\/"},"modified":"2022-08-28T19:28:15","modified_gmt":"2022-08-29T00:28:15","slug":"study-compares-top-treatments-for-rheumatoid-arthritis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.unmc.edu\/newsroom\/2008\/11\/21\/study-compares-top-treatments-for-rheumatoid-arthritis\/","title":{"rendered":"Study compares top treatments for rheumatoid arthritis"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"panel body-content\"><div class=\"panel__container\"><p>The best treatment for the best price.<\/p>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">All patients want that, but when rheumatologists have a choice between two effective &ldquo;gold standard&rdquo; treatments, one costing 15 times more than the other, why is the expensive option most often selected?<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">James O&rsquo;Dell, M.D., a University of Nebraska Medical Center rheumatologist, and rheumatologists from around the world want to know which medication can provide the best care at the most economical price.<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">Dr. O&rsquo;Dell, professor of internal medicine and chief of the rheumatology and immunology section, began pondering this question over a decade ago.<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">It&rsquo;s a question the pharmaceutical companies didn&rsquo;t necessarily want answered, so have not funded any studies to address the issue. But the answer could save tens of millions of dollars every year for patients and the government.<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">Dr. O&rsquo;Dell initially turned to the manufacturers for answers, but pharmaceutical companies have little incentive to compare their products to less expensive therapies. Additionally, the Food and Drug Administration has never required these comparisons.<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">Frustrated, he designed a first-of-its-kind comprehensive $15 million study that will enroll 600 patients from 35 clinics and medical centers in the United States and Canada. The study, funded by Veterans Affairs (VA) and the Canadian Institute of Health Research, began in July 2007 and is expected to take nearly three years to complete.<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">Most rheumatoid arthritis studies have an 80 percent concentration of women, but because many patients will be enrolled through the VA, the study will have equal numbers of men and women.<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">The study, which took four years to develop, is called RACAT (pronounced rocket), an acronym for &ldquo;Rheumatoid Arthritis: Comparison of Active Therapies.&rdquo;<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">The random, double-blind study compares two strategies of therapies:<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in;text-indent: -0.25in\"><span>&middot;<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman'\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span>Using a combination of methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine and sulfasalazine, which costs patients approximately $1,000 a year as the first treatment option, to<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in;text-indent: -0.25in\"><span>&middot;<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman'\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span>Using a combination of methotrexate and etanercept which costs patients approximately $15,000 a year as the first option.<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">Participants in the study will take one combination of drugs for 24 weeks. If, after that time, there is not significant improvement, they will be switched to the other combination for 24 weeks.<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">Taking the study a step further, Dr. O&rsquo;Dell also will determine what role genetics play in the different treatments, or who responds better to which drug combination.<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">&ldquo;We&rsquo;ll look for genetic factors and biomarkers that predict disease progression and success or toxicity of the different strategies,&rdquo; Dr. O&rsquo;Dell said.<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">&ldquo;Early treatment is the key to successfully managing this disease,&rdquo; he said. &ldquo;Our hope is that one day doctors will be able to prescribe the most effective treatment for their patients based on genetics. That will eliminate a lot of experimenting.&rdquo;<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">More than 660 million people in the world, including 2 million in the United States, suffer from rheumatoid arthritis. The autoimmune disease causes chronic inflammation of the joints and other areas of the body, and affects people of all ages. Researchers have not been able to determine a cause or a cure for the disease, but treatments are available, with a goal of remission or near remission.<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">Methotrexate alone is an excellent, economical first-line therapy for a significant percentage of rheumatoid arthritis patients, Dr. O&rsquo;Dell said. However, combination therapy is recommended for those patients who continue to have disease flares, which can result in permanent joint destruction and markedly shortened survivals.<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">In a 1996 New England Journal of Medicine study, Dr. O&rsquo;Dell proved that triple therapy, a combination of three drugs &ndash; methotrexate, sulfasalazine and hydroxychloroquine &ndash; was 50 percent more effective in treating rheumatoid arthritis than methotrexate alone or the combination of sulfasalazine and hydroxychloroquine.<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">That study was conducted through the Rheumatoid Arthritis Investigational Network (RAIN), a group of rheumatologists and nurse-study coordinators in several states across the country. Dr. O&rsquo;Dell founded RAIN in 1989; its home base is at UNMC.<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">The group established a serum, plasma, urine and blood bank for investigational purposes. Dr. O&rsquo;Dell&rsquo;s original observations of genetic predictors were the first of their kind and have altered the way patients are treated.<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">The current study brings together an impressive coalition of public and private health centers across two countries. In addition to the 10 sites in the RAIN network, Dr. O&rsquo;Dell recruited 15 Veterans Affairs Medical Centers and 10 Canadian Rheumatology Research Consortium (CRRC) sites.<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">One of those sites, the San Francisco VA Medical Center, is slated to enroll 20 patients, said David Daikh, M.D., Ph.D., chief of rheumatology at the VA center, and associate professor of medicine at the University of California-San Francisco.<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">&ldquo;This is an exciting, groundbreaking study that will answer important questions about the effective and economical treatments for patients with rheumatoid arthritis. As we gain more understanding about the disease and more therapies are developed, we can begin to turn our attention to the next big frontier of targeting therapeutics. That&rsquo;s where the genetic data will be helpful,&rdquo; he said.<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">The VA and CRRC now spend more than $70 million every year on these expensive therapies and are very interested in the results of this study, Dr. O&rsquo;Dell said.<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">&ldquo;I think clinicians around the world will use this information to make better judgments for their patients who have rheumatoid arthritis,&rdquo; he said.<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\"><b><u>The drugs<\/u><\/b><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\"><b>Methotrexate<\/b>, an immune suppression drug, has gained popularity among doctors as an initial disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) because of its effectiveness and relatively infrequent side effects.<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\"><b>Hydroxychloroquine<\/b>, an anti-malarial drug, is considered a DMARD because it can decrease the pain and swelling of arthritis as well as possibly prevent joint damage and reduce the risk of long-term disability.<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\"><b>Sulfasalazine<\/b>, an oral medication traditionally used to treat inflammatory bowel diseases, is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis in combination with anti-inflammatory medications.<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\"><b>Etanercept<\/b> is a biologic medication that binds a protein in the circulation and in the joints that causes inflammation before it can act on its natural receptor to &ldquo;switch on&rdquo; inflammation. This effectively blocks the tumor necrosis factor inflammation messenger from calling out to the cells of inflammation.<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt;text-indent: 0in\"><em><font size=\"2\">UNMC is the only public health science center in the state. Its educational programs are responsible for training more health professionals practicing in Nebraska than any other institution. Through their commitment to education, research, patient care and outreach, UNMC and its hospital partner, The Nebraska Medical Center, have established themselves as one of the country&#8217;s leading centers in cancer, transplantation biology, bioterrorism preparedness, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, genetics, biomedical technology and ophthalmology. UNMC&rsquo;s research funding from external sources now exceeds $82 million annually and has resulted in the creation of more than 2,400 highly skilled jobs in the state. UNMC&#8217;s physician practice group, UNMC Physicians, includes 513 physicians in 50 specialties and subspecialties who practice primarily in The Nebraska Medical Center. For more information, go to UNMC&rsquo;s Web site at www.unmc.edu.<\/font><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The best treatment for the best price. All patients want that, but when rheumatologists have a choice between two effective &ldquo;gold standard&rdquo; treatments, one costing 15 times more than the other, why is the expensive option most often selected? &nbsp; James O&rsquo;Dell, M.D., a University of Nebraska Medical Center rheumatologist, and rheumatologists from around the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":79,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-48627","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","department-press-release"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Study compares top treatments for rheumatoid arthritis<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The best treatment for the best price. 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