University of Nebraska Medical Center
University of Nebraska Medical Center

Healthy Diet and Nutrition

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How Healthy Eating Can Lower Cancer Risk 

Making smart food choices is a powerful way to reduce your risk of cancer. According to the American Cancer Society (ACS), at least 18% of all cancer cases in the U.S. are linked to excess body weight, poor nutrition, physical inactivity, and alcohol consumption (ACS). A balanced diet, combined with regular physical activity, can help prevent up to 30-50% of cancer cases. 

Good nutrition helps by: 

  • Maintaining a healthy weight: Excess body fat increases the risk of at least 13 types of cancer. 
  • Reducing inflammation: Some foods protect cells from damage and slow cancer growth. 
  • Lowering hormone levels: Certain cancers grow faster when hormones like estrogen and insulin are too high. 
  • Boosting the immune system: A strong immune system helps the body fight cancer cells. 

Build a balanced plate with fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins to support overall health and help reduce cancer risk.

Key Components of a Cancer-Preventive Diet 

Eating a plant-based diet is one of the best ways to protect against cancer. This means filling your plate with: 

Foods to eat more of: 

  • Vegetables & Fruits: Aim for at least 2½ cups daily (ACS). These are packed with fiber, antioxidants, and vitamins that help prevent cancer. 
  • Whole Grains: Brown rice, quinoa, oats, and whole wheat bread provide fiber, which helps digestion and may lower colorectal cancer risk. 
  • Beans & Legumes: High in protein and fiber to support a healthy weight. 
  • Garlic & Onions: Help reduce inflammation and support the immune system. 
  • Tomatoes: Rich in lycopene, which may lower the risk of prostate cancer. 
  • Healthy Fats: Nuts, seeds, olive oil, and avocados help fight inflammation. 

Foods to limit: 

  • Red & Processed Meat: Linked to colorectal cancer (limit to 12-18 oz per week). 
  • Sugary Drinks & Snacks: Can lead to weight gain and increase cancer risk. 
  • Fried & Processed Foods: Contain unhealthy fats that cause inflammation. 
  • Alcohol: Even small amounts raise the risk of breast, liver, and esophageal cancers (ACS). 

Practical Tips for Healthy Eating 

  • Fill half your plate with veggies and fruits. 
  • Drink water instead of sugary drinks. 
  • Choose whole grains instead of white bread or pasta. 
  • Pick lean proteins like beans, fish, or tofu instead of processed meats. 
  • Plan meals ahead of time to avoid unhealthy choices.