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University of Nebraska Medical Center

Hidden transmission of avian influenza virus H5N1 found in Texas dairy cattle

Medical Express

Scientists at the United States Department of Agriculture’s National Animal Disease Center, with multiple academic, state and federal collaborators, identified the emergence and interstate spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) in dairy cattle. Genetic analysis confirms that a reassortment event in wild birds preceded a single transmission to cattle, after which asymptomatic or presymptomatic cattle facilitated the virus’s spread across the United States. Viral genome sequencing revealed low-frequency mutations linked to transmission efficiency and mammalian adaptation, raising public health concerns about future zoonotic spillover.

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