Medical Express Serious infections with influenza A viruses are characterized by an excessive immune response, known as cytokine storm. It was previously unclear why some virus strains trigger these storms, while others do not. Researchers at the Paul-Ehrlich-Institut investigated 11 different influenza A virus strains and their effect on different human immune cells. The results, published in Emerging Microbes & Infections, show that highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses infect specific kinds of immune cells and thus stimulate the production of type I interferon. This could explain why these viruses are particularly dangerous. “Our research results show that not only the immune cells that have always been the focus of attention regarding type I interferon production, but also other immune system cells could be decisive in whether an influenza infection triggers an excessive immune system response. This knowledge is important in order to be able to better assess the risk of dangerous virus variants,” summarizes Professor Zoe Waibler, Vice President (acting) of the Paul-Ehrlich-Institut.
Influenza viruses are some of the most significant respiratory disease pathogens worldwide. While most infections are relatively mild, certain virus strains can cause severe pneumonia, leading to acute respiratory failure. Highly pathogenic influenza viruses are particularly dangerous. They often spread from birds to humans and are associated with significantly higher mortality rates.